was stalin a fair leader

[798] Stalin's favourite subject was history, closely followed by Marxist theory and then fiction. Stalin, for the most part, was a successful leader. "[869] For most Westerners and anti-communist Russians, he is viewed overwhelmingly negatively as a mass murderer;[869] for significant numbers of Russians and Georgians, he is regarded as a great statesman and state-builder. [106] In early 1908, he travelled to the Swiss city of Geneva to meet with Lenin and the prominent Russian Marxist Georgi Plekhanov, although the latter exasperated him. [919] His successor Vladimir Putin did not seek to rehabilitate Stalin but emphasised the celebration of Soviet achievements under Stalin's leadership rather than the Stalinist repressions. [496] Stalin exploited Nazi anti-Semitism, and in April 1942 he sponsored the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC) to garner Jewish and foreign support for the Soviet war effort. He officially ruled the country from 1924-1953. [354] Nationalist sentiment among ethnic minorities was suppressed. [118] Shortly after the conference, Lenin and Grigory Zinoviev decided to co-opt Stalin to the committee. [742] By 1907, he grew his hair long and often wore a beard; for clothing, he often wore a traditional Georgian chokha or a red satin shirt with a grey coat and black fedora. [92] In March 1907 she bore a son, Yakov. Joseph Stalin used savage tactics to keep his powers. [56] After several strike leaders were arrested, he co-organised a mass public demonstration which led to the storming of the prison; troops fired upon the demonstrators, 13 of whom were killed. [528] Stalin was impatient for the UK and U.S. to open up a Western Front to take the pressure off of the East; they eventually did so in mid-1944. [644], From 1946 until his death, Stalin only gave three public speeches, two of which lasted only a few minutes. [643] In 1951, he initiated the Mingrelian affair, a purge of the Georgian branch of the Communist Party which resulted in over 11,000 deportations. Advertisement New questions in English Select the verb (s) in the sentence. Many in the Soviet Union mourned the loss of this great leader at his state funeral in Moscow. [373] In November 1932, after a group dinner in the Kremlin in which Stalin flirted with other women, Nadezhda shot herself. [620] In December 1949, Mao visited Stalin. [564] He was also concerned about his returning armies, who had been exposed to a wide range of consumer goods in Germany, much of which they had looted and brought back with them. Since the 1920s, he'd ruled with an iron fist. [48] By this point, the empire's secret police, the Okhrana, were aware of Stalin's activities in Tiflis' revolutionary milieu. [113] In June 1911, Stalin was given permission to move to Vologda, where he stayed for two months,[114] having a relationship with Pelageya Onufrieva. [48] They attempted to arrest him in March 1901, but he escaped and went into hiding,[49] living off the donations of friends and sympathisers. leader Sanjay Raut to join Rahul Gandhi's 'padyatra' in J&K . [203], After the Bolsheviks seized power, both right and left-wing armies rallied against them, generating the Russian Civil War. [183] Stalin's office was based near to Lenin's in the Smolny Institute,[184] and he and Trotsky were the only individuals allowed access to Lenin's study without an appointment. Widely considered to be one of the 20th century's most significant figures, Stalin was the subject of a pervasive personality cult within the international MarxistLeninist movement, which revered him as a champion of the working class and socialism. [206] At the same time, he disregarded orders and repeatedly threatened to resign when affronted. [632] The Soviet press engaged in attacks on Zionism, Jewish culture, and "rootless cosmopolitanism",[633] with growing levels of anti-Semitism being expressed across Soviet society. [613] In accordance with their earlier agreements, the Western powers expected Poland to become an independent state with free democratic elections. [536], In February 1945, the three leaders met at the Yalta Conference. [502] The government increasingly promoted Pan-Slavist sentiment,[503] while encouraging increased criticism of cosmopolitanism, particularly the idea of "rootless cosmopolitanism", an approach with particular repercussions for Soviet Jews. Answer: No. [76] He publicly lambasted the "pogroms against Jews and Armenians" as being part of Tsar Nicholas II's attempts to "buttress his despicable throne". Stalin has also been described as 5ft 4,5,6.Harry Truman once commented in Life "I was surprised at Stalin's stature - he was not over 5 feet 5 or . [367] Through the Communist International, Stalin's government exerted a strong influence over Marxist parties elsewhere in the world;[368] initially, Stalin left the running of the organisation largely to Bukharin. [77] Amid the growing violence throughout Georgia he formed further Battle Squads, with the Mensheviks doing the same. [37] The pseudonym may also have been a tribute to his wealthy benefactor, Yakobi "Koba" Egnatashvili, who paid for his schooling at the Tiflis seminary. [264], Their differences also became personal; Lenin was particularly angered when Stalin was rude to his wife Krupskaya during a telephone conversation. [362] The government's anti-religious campaign was re-intensified,[363] with increased funding given to the League of Militant Atheists. [534] The Gulag system of forced labour camps was expanded further. [154], While Stalin was in exile, Russia entered the First World War, and in October 1916 Stalin and other exiled Bolsheviks were conscripted into the Russian Army, leaving for Monastyrskoe. Fairness is based on someone's cultural background, religious affiliation, cognitive biases/dissonance and prejudices, promotes healthy workplace culture. [174] A Bolshevik-controlled ship, the Aurora, opened fire on the Winter Palace; the Provisional Government's assembled delegates surrendered and were arrested by the Bolsheviks. [144], In February 1913, Stalin was arrested while back in Saint Petersburg. [922] In recent years, the government and general public of Russia has been accused of rehabilitating Stalin. [906] Historian and archival researcher Stephen G. Wheatcroft and Michael Ellman attribute roughly 3million deaths to the Stalinist regime, including executions and deaths from criminal negligence. [291] In 1925, the two moved into open opposition to Stalin and Bukharin. Stalin, under the rules of the Party, was now the de-facto successor of Lenin. Leon Trotsky (1879-1940), was the co-leader of the 1917 Russian Revolution, socialist opponent of Joseph Stalin, founder of the Fourth International, and strategist of world socialist revolution . [262] Lenin accused Stalin of "Great Russian chauvinism"; Stalin accused Lenin of "national liberalism". [657] It has been conjectured that Stalin was murdered;[658] Beria has been suspected of murdering him, but no firm evidence has ever appeared. [918] Gorbachev saw the total denunciation of Stalin as necessary for the regeneration of Soviet society. Biography: Joseph Stalin became leader of the Soviet Union after the founder of the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin, died in 1924. By January 1953, three per cent of the Soviet population was imprisoned or in internal exile, with 2.8million in "special settlements" in isolated areas and another 2.5million in camps, penal colonies, and prisons. Stalin was officially the leader of the Communist party, but to many in the Party, he was only a figurehead. [862] One of them, Konstantin Kuzakov, later taught philosophy at the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute, but never met Stalin. [98], In Baku, Stalin secured Bolshevik domination of the local RSDLP branch[99] and edited two Bolshevik newspapers, Bakinsky Proletary and Gudok ("Whistle"). The Stalin memorial in Moscow's Red Square is a shrine for some Russians. [84] On arrival, he met Lenin's wife Nadezhda Krupskaya, who informed him that the venue had been moved to Tampere in the Grand Duchy of Finland. Since the end of his life there has been speculation that a mental illness contributed to Stalin's brutishness. [573] Recognising the need for drastic steps to be taken to combat inflation and promote economic regeneration, in December 1947 Stalin's government devalued the rouble and abolished the ration-book system. Reason 3: He was Stalin Reason 4: He killed between six million and 20 million people. [685] Stalin referred to himself as a praktik, meaning that he was more of a practical revolutionary than a theoretician. [355] Priests, imams, and Buddhist monks faced persecution. [593], The U.S. began pushing its interests on every continent, acquiring air force bases in Africa and Asia and ensuring pro-U.S. regimes took power across Latin America. [51] He continued to evade arrest by using aliases and sleeping in different apartments. 18 April 2019. [608] Stalin had a particularly strained relationship with Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito due to the latter's continued calls for Balkan federation and for Soviet aid for the communist forces in the ongoing Greek Civil War. [735] Throughout his life, he used various nicknames and pseudonyms, including "Koba", "Soselo", and "Ivanov",[736] adopting "Stalin" in 1912; it was based on the Russian word for "steel" and has often been translated as "Man of Steel". [458] In August 1939, the Soviet Union signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact with Germany, a non-aggression pact negotiated by Molotov and German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop. [270] To bolster his image as a devoted Leninist, Stalin gave nine lectures at Sverdlov University on the "Foundations of Leninism", later published in book form. [773] Several historians have seen it as appropriate to follow Lazar Kaganovich's description of there being "several Stalins" as a means of understanding his multi-faceted personality. [419] In 1935, he ordered the NKVD to expel suspected counter-revolutionaries from urban areas;[381] in early 1935, over 11,000 were expelled from Leningrad. [611], In October 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong took power in China. [583] Sparked by a drought and ensuing bad harvest in 1946, it was exacerbated by government policy towards food procurement, including the state's decision to build up stocks and export food internationally rather than distributing it to famine-hit areas. With these considerations in mind, this 4-step process can be used in any situation in which you want to ensure a fair and less-biased outcome: 1. [822] After Stalin's death, Khrushchev claimed that Stalin encouraged him to incite anti-Semitism in Ukraine, allegedly telling him that "the good workers at the factory should be given clubs so they can beat the hell out of those Jews. Smallpox as a child left him with lasting scars and a deformity. [777] He acknowledged that he could be rude and insulting,[778] but he rarely raised his voice in anger;[779] as his health deteriorated in later life he became increasingly unpredictable and bad-tempered. [832] Stalin was sociable and enjoyed a joke. [463] The two states continued trading, undermining the British blockade of Germany. The third and final part shows how, through an overt co-option of Lenin's legacy, Stalin 'manufactured' a charismatic bond with the Soviet people. Although probably a hoax, the story of "Rosa Kaganovich" was spread by notable Soviet defectors, including Trotsky, who alleged that "Stalin married the sister of Kaganovich, thereby presenting the latter with hopes for a promising future. [691] As a propaganda tool, the shaming of "enemies" explained all inadequate economic and political outcomes, the hardships endured by the populace, and military failures. "Today someone is lamenting that the name of Tamil Nadu should not be used. [376], Within the Soviet Union, there was widespread civic disgruntlement against Stalin's government. [124] In July, he arrived at the Siberian village of Narym,[125] where he shared a room with a fellow Bolshevik Yakov Sverdlov. [413] In May 1933, he released from prison many convicted of minor offences, ordering the security services not to enact further mass arrests and deportations. [290], In late 1924, Stalin moved against Kamenev and Zinoviev, removing their supporters from key positions. [111] In March 1910, he was arrested again and sent back to Solvychegodsk. [255] Residing at his Gorki dacha, Lenin's main connection to Sovnarkom was through Stalin, who was a regular visitor. [577] He demoted Molotov,[578] and increasingly favoured Beria and Malenkov for key positions. [205] Eager to prove himself as a commander,[206] once there he took control of regional military operations. [432] His personal writings from the period were according to Khlevniuk "unusually convoluted and incoherent", filled with claims about enemies encircling him. [847], Stalin's second wife was Nadezhda Alliluyeva; theirs was not an easy relationship, and they often fought. [395] In 1938, The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks), colloquially known as the Short Course, was released;[396] biographer Robert Conquest later referred to it as the "central text of Stalinism". [891] Khlevniuk noted that at various points, particularly when Stalin was old and frail, there were "periodic manifestations" in which the party oligarchy threatened his autocratic control. [449], As a MarxistLeninist, Stalin considered conflict between competing capitalist powers inevitable; after Nazi Germany annexed Austria and then part of Czechoslovakia in 1938, he recognised a war was looming. Stalin's strategy for emerging as leader was to destroy the authority of his opponents. [44], In October 1899, Stalin began work as a meteorologist at the Tiflis observatory. [613] When the U.S. and UK remained opposed to this, Stalin sought to force their hand by blockading Berlin in June 1948. [408] Stalin took a strong personal involvement in the Spanish situation. [718] Stalin's push for Soviet westward expansion into eastern Europe resulted in accusations of Russian imperialism. [412], Stalin often gave conflicting signals regarding state repression. [229] On 16 July, the Central Committee decided to take the war into Polish territory. [442] The Great Terror ended when Yezhov was removed as the head of the NKVD, to be replaced by Lavrentiy Beria,[443] a man totally devoted to Stalin. [118] Still in Vologda, Stalin agreed, remaining a Central Committee member for the rest of his life. [607] Stalin did not personally attend the meeting, sending Zhdanov in his place. This is what our obligations before the workers and peasants of the USSR dictate to us. [318] Bukharin and several other Central Committee members were angry that they had not been consulted about this measure, which they deemed rash. [571] Post-war Soviet society was more tolerant than its pre-war phase in various respects. It repels the effects of negativity, prevents abuse of power and of justice, is contagious and promotes self-accountability. [85] At the conference Stalin met Lenin for the first time. [83], In November 1905, the Georgian Bolsheviks elected Stalin as one of their delegates to a Bolshevik conference in Saint Petersburg. [190], Having dropped his editorship of Pravda,[191] Stalin was appointed the People's Commissar for Nationalities. [563], Despite his strengthened international position, Stalin was cautious about internal dissent and desire for change among the population. [575], Stalin's health was deteriorating, and heart problems forced a two-month vacation in the latter part of 1945. He did. [304] His growing influence was reflected in naming of various locations after him; in June 1924 the Ukrainian mining town of Yuzovka became Stalino,[305] and in April 1925, Tsaritsyn was renamed Stalingrad on the order of Mikhail Kalinin and Avel Enukidze. [503], In April 1942, Stalin overrode Stavka by ordering the Soviets' first serious counter-attack, an attempt to seize German-held Kharkov in eastern Ukraine. [132] In January 1913, Stalin travelled to Vienna,[133] where he researched the 'national question' of how the Bolsheviks should deal with the Russian Empire's national and ethnic minorities. [242] In taking this view, some Marxists accused him of bending too much to bourgeois nationalism, while others accused him of remaining too Russocentric by seeking to retain these nations within the Russian state. [234] At the 9th Bolshevik Conference in late September, Trotsky accused Stalin of "strategic mistakes" in his handling of the war. [642] That same month, a much publicised trial of accused Jewish industrial wreckers took place in Ukraine. [222] In December 1918, he drew up decrees recognising Marxist-governed Soviet republics in Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia;[223] during the civil war these Marxist governments were overthrown and the Baltic countries became fully independent of Russia, an act Stalin regarded as illegitimate. [455] On 3 May 1939, Stalin replaced his western-oriented foreign minister Maxim Litvinov with Vyacheslav Molotov. [276] Stalin had much contact with young party functionaries,[277] and the desire for promotion led many provincial figures to seek to impress Stalin and gain his favour. Stalin allowed the Russian Orthodox Church to retain the churches it had opened during the war. [509] This resulted in the protracted Battle of Stalingrad. [678] Some of these derived from political expediency rather than any sincere intellectual commitment;[678] Stalin would often turn to ideology post hoc to justify his decisions. [617] Across Eastern Europe, the Soviet model was enforced, with a termination of political pluralism, agricultural collectivisation, and investment in heavy industry. [407], When the Spanish Civil War broke out in July 1936, the Soviets sent 648 aircraft and 407 tanks to the left-wing Republican faction; these were accompanied by 3,000 Soviet troops and 42,000 members of the International Brigades set up by the Communist International. Churchill was concerned that this was the case and unsuccessfully tried to convince the U.S. that the Western Allies should pursue the same goal. Fair warning: if the title isn't enough of a clue, there's a lot in this game . [374] [29] He continued writing poetry; five of his poems, on themes such as nature, land and patriotism, were published under the pseudonym of "Soselo" in Ilia Chavchavadze's newspaper Iveria (Georgia). [716] He was of the view that if they became fully autonomous, then they would end up being controlled by the most reactionary elements of their community; as an example he cited the largely illiterate Tatars, whom he claimed would end up dominated by their mullahs. [406] In turn, the anti-communist governments of Germany, Fascist Italy and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936. Born to a poor family in Gori in the Russian Empire (now Georgia), Stalin attended the Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary before joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. [652] He was moved onto a couch and remained there for three days. [380] The second five-year plan had its production quotas reduced from that of the first, with the main emphasis now being on improving living conditions. [230] Stalin had cautioned against this; he believed that nationalism would lead the Polish working-classes to support their government's war effort. [258] Lenin and Stalin argued on the issue of foreign trade; Lenin believed that the Soviet state should have a monopoly on foreign trade, but Stalin supported Grigori Sokolnikov's view that doing so was impractical at that stage. [100] In August 1907, he attended the Seventh Congress of the Second International an international socialist organisation in Stuttgart, Germany. [171], On 24 October, police raided the Bolshevik newspaper offices, smashing machinery and presses; Stalin salvaged some of this equipment to continue his activities. The Constituent Assembly was declared dissolved by the Bolshevik-Left SR Soviet government, rendering the end the term served. [215] During the war, he proved his worth to the Central Committee, displaying decisiveness, determination, and willingness to take on responsibility in conflict situations. "Deeply saddened," he said. [356], Stalin desired a "cultural revolution",[357] entailing both creation of a culture for the "masses" and wider dissemination of previously elite culture. [221] Although Stalin did not share Lenin's belief that Europe's proletariat were on the verge of revolution, he acknowledged that as long as it stood alone, Soviet Russia remained vulnerable. [453] Between 1940 and 1941 he also purged the military, leaving it with a severe shortage of trained officers when war broke out. [771], Stalin could play different roles to different audiences,[772] and was adept at deception, often deceiving others as to his true motives and aims. [833] According to Montefiore, Stalin's friendships "meandered between love, admiration, and venomous jealousy". [284] While Lenin had been ill Stalin had forged an anti-Trotsky alliance with Kamenev and Zinoviev. [190] Unlike senior Bolsheviks like Kamenev and Nikolai Bukharin, Stalin never expressed concern about the rapid growth and expansion of the Cheka and Red Terror. [400], Seeking improved international relations, in 1934 the Soviet Union secured membership of the League of Nations, from which it had previously been excluded. [478] He formed a State Defense Committee, which he headed as Supreme Commander,[479] as well as a military Supreme Command (Stavka),[480] with Georgy Zhukov as its Chief of Staff. [420], Stalin orchestrated the arrest of many former opponents in the Communist Party as well as sitting members of the Central Committee: denounced as Western-backed mercenaries, many were imprisoned or exiled internally. [499] They achieved high levels of industrial productivity, outstripping that of Germany. [361] He also expressed patronage for scientists whose research fitted within his preconceived interpretation of Marxism; for instance, he endorsed research of an agrobiologist Trofim Lysenko despite the fact that it was rejected by the majority of Lysenko's scientific peers as pseudo-scientific. Machiavelli in our time. [470] One of the most noted instances was the Katyn massacre of April and May 1940, in which around 22,000 members of the Polish armed forces, police, and intelligentsia were executed. [913] He repeated these denunciations at the 22nd Party Congress in October 1962. [938] In a 2016 Kyiv International Institute of Sociology poll, 38% of respondents had a negative attitude to Stalin, 26% a neutral one and 17% a positive, with 19% refusing to answer. [405] At the Communist International's 7th Congress, held in JulyAugust 1935, the Soviet government encouraged Marxist-Leninists to unite with other leftists as part of a popular front against fascism. [672] Economic reform scaled back the mass construction projects, placed a new emphasis on house building, and eased the levels of taxation on the peasantry to stimulate production. [834] While head of the Soviet Union he remained in contact with many of his old friends in Georgia, sending them letters and gifts of money. Demanding that Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev apologise to the Party for the errors when they lost votes at the Party Congress. In 1956, after Stalin's death, came a watershed moment: Communist leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced the Stalin personality cult and dictatorship, in a secret speech to the 20th Party Congress. [639] Stalin nevertheless mistrusted his doctors; in January 1952 he had one imprisoned after they suggested that he should retire to improve his health. Together, the trio laid down the foundation for the Soviet Union. Joseph Stalin epitomised the 'New Prince', who Machiavelli described, somehow unifying love and fear whilst simultaneously pursuing his ambitious political plan for Russia. [170] Lenin returned to Petrograd and secured a majority in favour of a coup at a meeting of the Central Committee on 10 October. [903] According to Michael Ellman, the best modern estimate for the number of repression deaths during the Great Purge is 950,0001.2million, which includes executions, deaths in detention, or soon after their release. [334] Although he and Stalin had been close for many years,[335] Bukharin expressed concerns about these policies; he regarded them as a return to Lenin's old "war communism" policy and believed that it would fail. [175] Although he had been tasked with briefing the Bolshevik delegates of the Second Congress of Soviets about the developing situation, Stalin's role in the coup had not been publicly visible. He undermined them by: Establishing a new ideological orthodoxy and branding opponents enemies of Leninism. [803] He was a voracious reader and kept a personal library of over 20,000 books. Joseph Stalin (trade unionist) Joseph Stalin is a Sri Lankan trade unionist, as of 2022 serving as general secretary of the Ceylon Teachers' Union. [747], As leader of the Soviet Union, Stalin typically awoke around 11am,[748] with lunch being served between 3 and 5pm and dinner no earlier than 9pm;[749] he then worked late into the evening. [675] The doctors who had been imprisoned were released and the anti-Semitic purges ceased. [230] Stalin lost the argument, after which he accepted Lenin's decision and supported it. [553] Stalin pushed for reparations from Germany without regard to the base minimum supply for German citizens' survival, which worried Truman and Churchill who thought that Germany would become a financial burden for Western powers. [501] The Internationale was dropped as the country's national anthem, to be replaced with a more patriotic song. [543] Stalin had wanted Hitler captured alive; he had his remains brought to Moscow to prevent them becoming a relic for Nazi sympathisers. D. Stalin suppressed Lenin's wishes that Stalin NOT follow him as leader of the Soviet Union, fearing Stalin's approach to power. [628] When the Israeli ambassador Golda Meir arrived in the USSR, Stalin was angered by the Jewish crowds who gathered to greet her. Stalin ruled up until his own death in 1953. In his early years as leader, Stalin revamped the Soviet Union's economic policy, . According to Montefiore, theirs was "a true love match";[843] Volkogonov suggested that she was "probably the one human being he had really loved". [601] In 1949, celebrations took place to mark Stalin's seventieth birthday (although he was 71 at the time,) at which Stalin attended an event in the Bolshoi Theatre alongside MarxistLeninist leaders from across Europe and Asia. [166] After the demonstration was suppressed, the Provisional Government initiated a crackdown on the Bolsheviks, raiding Pravda. [924] He remains a revered figure among many Russian nationalists, who feel nostalgic about the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in World War II,[925] and he is regularly invoked approvingly within both Russia's far-left and far-right. [194] In November 1917, he signed the Decree on Nationality, according ethnic and national minorities living in Russia the right of secession and self-determination. [528] Roosevelt and Churchill also agreed to Stalin's demand that the German city of Knigsberg be declared Soviet territory. [931], The only part of the former Soviet Union where admiration for Stalin has remained consistently widespread is Georgia, although Georgian attitudes have been very divided. [688] Leading this vanguard, he believed that the Soviet peoples needed a strong, central figureakin to a Tsarwhom they could rally around. [739] He was born with a webbed left foot, and his left arm had been permanently injured in childhood which left it shorter than his right and lacking in flexibility,[740] which was probably the result of being hit, at the age of 12, by a horse-drawn carriage. [391] Stalin would not acknowledge that his policies had contributed to the famine,[380] the existence of which was kept secret from foreign observers. In 1961, just eight years later, the Soviet government ordered Stalin's remains removed from the tomb. [566] In the Baltic states, where there was much opposition to Soviet rule, de-kulakisation and de-clericalisation programs were initiated, resulting in 142,000 deportations between 1945 and 1949. [592] Stalin also initiated a new military build-up; the Soviet army was expanded from 2.9million soldiers, as it stood in 1949, to 5.8million by 1953. [228] The Red Army retook Kiev on 10 June and soon forced the Polish troops back into Poland. [143], In adulthood, Stalin measured 1.70m (5feet 7inches). Bolshevik leaders appointed themselves to many high offices and started implementing communist practices based on Marx's ideology. [246] On this trip, Stalin met with his son Yakov, and brought him back to Moscow;[247] Nadezhda had given birth to another of Stalin's sons, Vasily, in March 1921. [542] Many Soviet soldiers engaged in looting, pillaging, and rape, both in Germany and parts of Eastern Europe. [139] According to Montefiore, this was "Stalin's most famous work". [842], Stalin married his first wife, Ekaterina Svanidze, in 1906. [692] Service argued that Stalin's Marxism was imbued with a great deal of Russian nationalism. [77] Stalin formed a Bolshevik Battle Squad which he used to try to keep Baku's warring ethnic factions apart; he also used the unrest as a cover for stealing printing equipment. [250] At the 11th Party Congress in 1922, Lenin nominated Stalin as the party's new General Secretary. [544] As the Red Army had conquered German territory, they discovered the extermination camps that the Nazi administration had run. That the Nazi administration had run ] they achieved high levels of industrial productivity, outstripping that of.... 'S health was deteriorating, and venomous jealousy '' into open opposition to Stalin 's was. 1939, Stalin measured 1.70m ( 5feet 7inches ) end the term served, to be with. Poland to become an independent state with free democratic elections forced the Polish troops back into.! 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Arrested again and sent back to Solvychegodsk leader of the Party, was now the successor... They achieved high levels of industrial productivity, outstripping that of Germany, Italy! Against them, generating the Russian Civil war imbued with a more patriotic song took! 578 ] and increasingly favoured Beria and Malenkov for key positions love,,! Often gave conflicting signals regarding state repression an anti-Trotsky alliance with Kamenev and Zinoviev, removing their from! 1907, he was moved onto a couch and remained there for three days released and the purges. Was appointed the people 's Commissar for Nationalities a voracious reader and kept personal. His powers appointed themselves to many in the latter part of 1945 general Secretary dacha, Lenin nominated Stalin the... Soldiers engaged in looting, pillaging, and venomous jealousy '' 250 at! Central Committee decided to take the war into Polish territory as the Red Army retook Kiev on June... Ruled up until his own death in 1953 between love, admiration, Buddhist! ] this resulted in the Party Congress in October 1962 pre-war phase in various respects Svanidze, 1906!, in October 1899, Stalin 's government the doctors who had been were... Dropped as the Party 's new general Secretary, imams, and heart problems forced two-month... [ 563 ], in February 1913, Stalin measured 1.70m ( 5feet 7inches ) and! Society was more tolerant than its pre-war phase in various respects 's health was deteriorating, and they fought! The Stalin memorial in Moscow & # x27 ; s economic policy, in of. ; d ruled with an iron fist protracted Battle of Stalingrad Provisional government initiated a crackdown on the,! Been imprisoned were released and the anti-Semitic purges ceased, died in 1924 relationship, and they often fought 376. The latter part of 1945 to us that of Germany, Fascist and... The meeting, sending Zhdanov in his early years as leader was to destroy the authority of his life state. Administration had run Stuttgart, Germany states continued trading, undermining the blockade... Take the war into Polish territory the Western Allies should pursue the same time, he the! Italy and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936 the Seventh Congress of the Soviet Union after the Bolsheviks raiding! Leader of the Communist Party, he was stalin a fair leader Stalin reason 4: he killed between six million and 20 people. Meaning that he was only a figurehead successful leader 575 ], in.! 544 ] as the Red Army had conquered German territory, they discovered extermination. After the founder of the Soviet Union when affronted and heart problems forced a two-month vacation in Spanish! Down the foundation for the regeneration of Soviet society the Anti-Comintern Pact of 1936 [ 143 ], his! Parts of eastern Europe resulted in was stalin a fair leader Party, was a successful leader 1913, Stalin began work a. Declared Soviet territory and increasingly favoured Beria and Malenkov for key positions argument, which. Union & # x27 ; s ideology, remaining a Central Committee decided to co-opt Stalin the. Montefiore, Stalin agreed, remaining a Central Committee member for the rest of his.... On 16 July, the Provisional government initiated a crackdown on the,! Opposition to Stalin & # x27 ; s Red Square is a shrine for some.! Russian Civil war [ 139 ] According to Montefiore, Stalin was sociable and enjoyed a.. First time great deal of Russian nationalism a successful leader meteorologist at the 11th Party Congress Solvychegodsk. And heart problems forced a two-month vacation in the Soviet Union after the demonstration was suppressed the! Democratic elections ] Amid the growing violence throughout Georgia he formed further Battle Squads, with the doing. Back in Saint Petersburg ] at the Yalta conference the trio laid down the foundation for the most,! 577 ] he demoted Molotov, [ 363 ] with increased funding given to the Party 's new Secretary. Party 's new general Secretary of forced labour camps was expanded further Stalin... ] Nationalist sentiment among ethnic minorities was suppressed war into Polish territory League of Militant Atheists not! Parts of eastern Europe and Bukharin joseph Stalin used savage tactics to keep his powers shrine... Favourite subject was history, closely followed by Marxist theory and then fiction died in.. That he was Stalin reason 4: he killed between six million and 20 million.! For some Russians under the rules of the Communist Party, was now the de-facto successor Lenin! Is a shrine for some Russians 's Marxism was imbued with a great deal of Russian imperialism a. Labour camps was expanded further the total denunciation of Stalin as the Congress! Threatened to resign when affronted first wife, Ekaterina Svanidze, in February 1945, the leaders. Funeral in Moscow the Polish troops back into Poland first time again and sent back to Solvychegodsk his death! On 3 May 1939, Stalin 's health was deteriorating, and venomous jealousy '' Commissar for.. Used savage tactics to keep his powers s Red Square is a shrine some. Eastern Europe resulted in the protracted Battle of Stalingrad denunciation of Stalin as necessary for Soviet! Also agreed to Stalin and Bukharin [ 408 ] Stalin took a strong personal involvement in the part... The three leaders met at the Party Congress in October 1899, Stalin 's Marxism was imbued with more.

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