major problems of agriculture in ethiopia

The country has also ample opportunity in. UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification). They may forceto cut down the tree to make charcoal. Aragie (2013) reported that Ethiopia has lost a cumulative level of over 13% of its current agricultural output between 1991 and 2008 followed by climate change. It was partitioned for farmers of more than 18years as per the Derge land tenure system. Currently, the proportion of the population that access more than 2 ha of farmland achieve a basic subsistence under normal conditions of productivity levels. More than 85% of the Ethiopian land is degraded to various degrees (Gebreselassie et al., 2016). Agriculture constitutes over 50% of economic sector in Ethiopia, and the largest dependable economic activity. It is projected that by 2050 the Ethiopia population will be estimated to be 171.8 million by increasing at a rate of 2.5% annually (Bekele & Lakew, 2014). But this has been used for fuel as the forest trees diminished. Abstract. Its agriculture sector, economy, and food security status are equally complex. This indicated the gap between actual and potential yields that reflect constraints, such as insufficient adoption of technologies, lack of integrated market, and gender inequalities in small-scale family farming communities (FAO, 2011b). Whereas the temperature increased by 1.3C from 1960 to 2006 (Asaminew & Diriba, 2015). However, Ethiopias current fruit, vegetable, and animal production for export are very limited because of fragmented cultivation and lack of quality. Since Ethiopia's economy depends mostly on agriculture (about 45 to 50% of GDP), natural causes such as drought and sometimes unpredictable flooding put the entire economy of Ethiopia in a very bad shape and leave many starving. The present study showed that the . Ethiopias agriculture heavily relies on oxen plow and rain-fed that by neglecting other alternative technologies since the time of the Neolithic era (Diriba, 2020). By the end of the century, the share of young children could be declined to 5.8%, while the proportion of older people may rise to 22.7% (UNDESA, 2015). Generally, land degradation is a great threat to future production in Ethiopia. Number of landholders by land size (ha)-2014/2015 in Ethiopia by its national regional states. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Ethiopian Economic Association / Ethiopian . Shekuru et al. Land use and household holding by region, 19971998, Table 2. An increase in farm size is also associated with a decrease in fertilizer and pesticide use per hectare, showing clear benefits for environmental protection (Ren et al., 2019). What are the major problems of soil in Ethiopia? However, Ethiopias current fruit and vegetable export to nearby international markets, like The Middle East, is very limited and requires refrigeration to keep fresh produce during transportation to Djibouti where it can be shipped to international markets. The technological input like synthetic chemical fertilizers has also increased the acidity of soil from time to time in high rainfall areas. (2020) reported that in Ethiopia, land fragmentation resulted in food insecurity and increased the amount of time spent moving from one parcel to another that lowered agricultural output and reduced productivity. Hitherto the most of the existing literature on Ethiopian agricultural development has focused on resource degradation as the root cause of constraints to sustainable production and productivity (Headey et al., 2014). But these data are the landholding sizes rather than the landlessness or override them. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. But increased input alone does not increase the food supply and staple crop yields, and thus farm income declines as population density increases. Because agriculture is the primary source for . There are also emerging arthropod pests that have either existed as innocuous organism or those insect pests that have been inadvertently introduced into the country in recent decades. The role of science, technology and innovation in ensuring food security by 2030. IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development). The support is suggested to be made in such a way that observable impacts could be seen in the defined period of time in contrast to the usual piecemeal regular support from year to year and decade to decade. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: The challenges and prospects of Ethiopian agriculture, 1 College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dewa, Ethiopia, The role of climateforestagriculture interface in climate resilient green economy of Ethiopia, Spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia, Landlessness, land access modalities and poverty in rural areas of Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia, Impacts of climate change on food security in Ethiopia: adaptation and mitigation options: A review, Rural population change in developing countries: Lessons for policy making, Climate change, growth, and poverty in Ethiopia, Recent changes in rainfall, temperature and number of rainy days over Northern Oromia zone, Horticultural crops research and development in Ethiopia: Review on current status, Effects of climate change and variability on rural livelihoods and responses: The case of Soro Woreda, Hadiya zone. Very high population without corresponding economic development and further job creation could disrupt the life of people in terms of security and also may pose negative impacts on the utilization of natural resources. Statistical development series no.12, 2000 world census of agriculture, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Across Ethiopia, nearly 9 million people are in need of food assistance. Ethiopia is a country of peasants with primitive agriculture. Lack of sustained and intergenerational commitments to transform the legal or constitutional system for millennia made the country liable. Its distributions over the country are strongly inconsistent in each season (Kew et al., 2017; Fekadu, 2015; McDonald, 2010). Land degradation. Table 10. IIED (International Institute for Environment and Development), Land tenure in Ethiopia - Continuity and change, shifting rulers, and the quest for state control, CAPRi and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Time series data on area, production and yield of major crops 1995/96-1997/98, Deforestation and the environmental Kuznets curve: An institutional perspective, Agricultural and rural transformation in Ethiopia: Obstacles, triggers and reform considerations policy working paper, DMFA (Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs). Lose of such fertile productive arable farmlands created the food demand gaps in Ethiopia. It impacts negatively on natural resources, economy, biodiversity, and adding to the already established poverty. The key agricultural problems worldwide are price volatility in agricultural markets, food insecurity, undernourishment, shortage of land and water resources used in agricultural activities. The maize lethal necrotic viruses, leaf and fruit spot of citrus (Pseudocercospora angolensis), Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum) of ginger (Duressa, 2018), garlic rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk), Bacterial wilt of ginger (Ralstonia solanacearum), and new races of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp.tritici (1b) are among the major crop diseases (MoANR (Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources), 2016). Yet agriculture is the countrys most promising resource. Because many family members will be becoming jobless since the land is not enough to engage them as full-time farmers. This is due to a lack of financial resources or the skills to invest, utilize, and confidence they have in the adopting of new practices, particularly the older women are disadvantaged because of gender divisions in agricultural production (ATA, 2014). Political instability, weaknesses of successive strategic development policies and shortage of financial assistance in the country is the root cause of the problem. A little modification has been made to bring internal transformation in the thinking and working habit of the people in the past century. Ethiopia seed system development strategy, Water resources and irrigation development in Ethiopia, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Theoretical and empirical review of Ethiopian water resource potentials, challenges and future development opportunities, Proxy global assessment of land degradation, review article, Challenges and potential of future agricultural development in Jordan: Role of education and entrepreneurship, Climate variability and farmers Perception in Southern Ethiopia, Projecting Ethiopian demographics from 20122050 using the spectrum suite of models, Livelihood options of landless households and land contracts in north-west Ethiopia, Policies and programs affecting land management practices, input use, and productivity in the highlands of Amhara region, Ethiopia, International Food Policy Research Institute, Surface water and groundwater resources of Ethiopia: Potentials and challenges of water resources development, Deforestation and land degradation in the Ethiopian Highlands: A strategy for physical recovery, Deforestation and land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: A strategy for physical recovery, Policies to promote cereal intensification in Ethiopia: A review of evidence and experience, The Future Prospects for Global Arable Land, CSIRO Plant Industry, CRC Tropical Plant Protection, University of Queensland. These activities may include the provision of social services to accommodate the new generation (FAO, 2017). This isconstrained by abiotic and biotic factors. Nov. 13, 2009. Soil is a non-renewable or finite resource and is the bank of nutrients for plant growth. However, currently, the building of houses, industries or fabrics, urban establishments, and other infrastructures are undertaken on a larger scale. Issues impacting agriculture identified in the survey include: Supplying the growing global demand for commodities arising from developing economies and world population growth Availability and price of land for expansion New government mandates and regulations Stability, development and fluctuations in global financial markets The annual rate of soil loss is higher than the annual rate of soil formation. Table 9. The most frequent causes include a lack of more recently developed improved seeds, initial investment funds, cropland loss, labor, pesticides, invasive alien species, farm storage techniques, small-scale irrigation techniques, and obstacles based on religion and culture. Environmental issues such as water pollution (as a result of agricultural and industrial runoffs, etc. The rapid population growth and the higher proportion of the youth are the current challenges facing Ethiopia as these younger generations are landless. Preface PART I: THE SETTING One-Introduction Two-Socio-Economic Characteristics PART II AGRICULTURE BEFORE THE REVOLUTION Three-Growth in Agricultural Output and Area Four-Land Tenure System Five- Agricultural Credit Six-Marketing Organisations Seven-Community Development Programme PART III :AGRICULTURE SINE THE REVOLUTION Eight-Agrarian Reform Implimentation of land Reform Appendix I Appendix . The countryhas a huge labor force and water resources. Economic migrations, political unrest and terrorism are rooted in poverty. The drought, erratic rainfall and frost variables are also affecting agricultural outputs. Ethiopians have dominantly practiced a mixed agricultural activity. Therefore, emphasizing agriculture in Ethiopia requires the political as well as the economic commitment of all parties concerned. Ethiopia's major industries include agriculture, construction, manufacturing, resources and . One of the keys will be changing the way agriculture is financed and incentivized. Water pollution ( as a result of agricultural and industrial runoffs, etc future production in Ethiopia by its regional. These data are the current challenges facing Ethiopia as these younger generations are landless of agriculture, construction,,! Is a non-renewable or finite resource and is the bank of nutrients for plant growth like synthetic chemical fertilizers also! 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