[177][178][179] Most the major Muslim and Christian holidays are officially national holidays in the country, and religious conflict is rare.[180]. Black migrants elected different levels of political representatives, 'tithingmen', who represented each dozen settlers and 'hundreders' who represented larger amounts. [71] The new constitution ensured Sierra Leone had a parliamentary system within the Commonwealth of Nations. Some claim that Magburaka should be included in the above list, but there is considerable difference among sources. There are several main internet service providers (ISPs) operating in the country. [233], Mental healthcare in Sierra Leone is almost non-existent. [209], In the labour field, it is expected that the household will financially provide for the needs of the family. Makeni is home to the largest private university in Sierra Leone; University of Makeni and St. Francis Secondary School which is one of Sierra Leone's most prominent schools. There are five hundred Ahmadiyya Mosque across Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone's Freetown is a favourite destination for tourists. Bio replaced outgoing President Ernest Bai Koroma after Bio was sworn into office on 4 April 2018 by Chief Justice Abdulai Cham. Within a month they had driven RUF fighters back to enclaves along Sierra Leone's borders and cleared the RUF from the Kono diamond-producing areas of Sierra Leone. The British administration favoured a policy of indirect rule whereby they relied on slightly reorganized indigenous institutions to implement colonial policies and maintain order. Kushe O! [98] The epidemic occurred as part of the wider Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. To be qualified as a Member of Parliament, the person must be a citizen of Sierra Leone, must be at least 21 years old, must be able to speak, read and write the English language with a degree of proficiency to enable him to actively take part in proceedings in Parliament; and must not have any criminal conviction. The Sierra Leone Peninsula, which is the site of Freetown, is a region of thickly wooded mountains that run parallel to the sea for about 25 miles (40 km). Freetown is Sierra Leone's political, economic, cultural, financial, and educational center. Waterloo is the second largest city in the Western Area region of Sierra Leone, after Freetown. Antagonism between the two entities escalated to a heated debate in 1947, when proposals were introduced to provide for a single political system for both the Colony and the Protectorate. It is by far the most populous district in the country with a population of 1,050,301 and is located in the Western Area of the country. There are four districts in the Northern Province: The Southern Province of Sierra Leone has the most coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. Law enforcement in Sierra Leone is primarily the responsibility of the Sierra Leone Police (SLP), which is accountable to the Minister of Internal Affairs (appointed by the president). ITV and SATCON are currently operational. Sierra Leone's highways are linked to Conakry, Guinea, and Monrovia, Liberia. However, Stevens' hand-picked successor Joseph Saidu Momoh promised to return the country to a multi-party system; a new constitution was adopted in 1991 that provided the means for a multi-party democracy. The report indicated that the country's just . SAJ Musa, a childhood friend of Strasser, became the deputy chairman and deputy leader of the NPRC government. The Eastern Province is the center of the countrys diamond mining industry. Krio culture reflects the Western culture and ideals within which many of their ancestors originated they also had close ties with British officials and colonial administration during years of development. The Kamajors, a group of traditional fighters mostly from the Mende ethnic group under the command of deputy Defence Minister Samuel Hinga Norman, remained loyal to President Kabbah and defended the Southern part of Sierra Leone from the soldiers. The widely spoken dialect and the main language of communication in the city is the Krio. Many sufferers try to cure themselves with the help of traditional healers. The country has three universities: Fourah Bay College, founded in 1827 (the oldest university in West Africa),[214] University of Makeni (established initially in September 2005 as The Fatima Institute, the college was granted university status in August 2009, and assumed the name University of Makeni, or UNIMAK), and Njala University, primarily located in Bo District. Each one of Sierra Leone's 14 districts is headed by a district police commissioner who is the professional head of their respective district. The most populous district, by far, is the Western Urban District. The coastal swamp region extends along the . Authorities have been slow to implement reforms in the civil service, and the pace of the privatisation programme is also slackening and donors have urged its advancement. This would imply that the identity of the person who named Sierra Leone is unknown. East End Lions and Mighty Blackpool have an intense rivalry and when they play each other the national stadium in Freetown is often sold out and supporters of both clubs often clash with each other before and after the game. It works to prevent crime, protect life and property, detect and prosecute offenders, maintain public order, ensure safety and security, and enhance access to justice. [21] Ahmad Tejan Kabbah won the 1996 presidential election and became the first multi-party democratically elected president of Sierra Leone. In 2009, the Sierra Leone Under-19 team finished second in the African Under-19 Championship in Zambia, thus qualifying for the Under-19 World Cup qualifying tournament with nine other teams. [79] With the lack of technology, mostly in all Sierra Leone, it is hard to help a business to function. Islam and Christianity are the two main religions in the country. For example, some of the Liberated Africans were forced to change their name to a more Western sounding one. The president of the United Council of Imam is Sheikh Alhaji Muhammad Habib Sheriff. Sierra Leone's two most dominant parties, the APC and the SLPP, collectively won every elected seat in Parliament in the 2012 Sierra Leone parliamentary election. Most of the proposals came from leaders of the Protectorate, whose population far outnumbered that in the colony. The British later captured Nyagua, and he was also exiled to the Gold Coast. [93], Promises of a return to civilian rule were fulfilled by Bio. Within the confines of the 1991 Constitution, supreme legislative powers are vested in Parliament, which is the law-making body of the nation. Bureh was allowed to return in 1905, when he resumed his chieftaincy of Kasseh. Found inside - Page 93The Kissi are one of the oldest ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, . In early August 2014 Sierra Leone cancelled league football (soccer) matches because of the Ebola epidemic. Bombali became one of the most heavily affected districts in Sierra Leone, with 873 confirmed patients with Ebola during July-November 2014. Educated Krios held numerous positions in the colonial government, giving them status and well-paying positions. President Momoh appointed his former military colleague and key ally, Major General Mohamed Tarawalie to succeed him as the head of the Sierra Leone Military. Two other commercial TV operators (ABC and AIT) closed after they were not profitable. Sierra Leone has a total area of 71,740km2 (27,699sqmi), divided into a land area of 71,620km2 (27,653sqmi) and water of 120km2 (46sqmi). Rulers who had been kings and queens became instead paramount chiefs, some of them appointed by the administration, and then forced into a subordinate relationship. [107] Mining and slash and burn for land conversion such as cattle grazing dramatically diminished forested land in Sierra Leone since the 1980s. Sierra Leone's capital Freetown is located in the Western Area of the country and its makes up the Western Area Urban District. Siaka Stevens retired from politics in November 1985 after being in power for eighteen years. Margai used his conservative ideology to lead Sierra Leone without much strife. Freetown is governed by the city council that is elected directly and serves for a four-year term and is headed by the Mayor. The Mende, who are believed to be descendants of the Mane,[citation needed] originally occupied the Liberian hinterland. In the 1860s, the country became a journalist hub for Africa, with professionals travelling to the country from across the continent. [20] Much trust was placed upon him as he championed multi-party politics. Several Junior army officers led by Sergeant Mohamed Lamin Bangura were identified as being behind the coup plot. The NPRC junta established the National Supreme Council of State as the military highest command and final authority in all matters and was exclusively made up of the highest-ranking NPRC soldiers, included Strasser himself and the original soldiers who toppled president Momoh.[90]. Development of the city began in 1889 with the construction of the Sierra Leone Government Railway, which was operational until 1974. [21], In early 1996, despite the country going through a brutal civil war, the emergence of the prospect of a transformation back to a multi-party democracy brought fresh hopes and great expectations among a majority of Sierra Leoneans, as the national debate "Peace before Elections vs Elections before Peace" became a hot topic. Freetown was known as the "Athens of Africa" due to the large number of excellent schools in Freetown and surrounding areas. Accordingly, they began to consider Sir Albert a threat to the ruling houses across the country. [39] However, on the voyage between Plymouth, England and Sierra Leone, seventy European girlfriends and wives accompanied the Black Poor settlers. The ratio of men and women in Koinadugu District, Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone is officially a secular state. Sierra Leone's third president, Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, and Sierra Leone's first Vice-President, Sorie Ibrahim Koroma, were both ethnic Mandingo. The Mende predominate in South-Eastern Sierra Leone (with the exception of Kono District). The Colony was Freetown and its coastal area; the Protectorate was defined as the hinterland areas dominated by local chiefs. Population HUB - this is an accessible statistics of the population of the country, city and any other region. Sierra Leone has good relations with the West, including the United States, and has maintained historical ties with the United Kingdom and other former British colonies through its membership of the Commonwealth of Nations. There are a number of cultural attractions in Freetown, such as the Sierra Leone National Museum and various historical landmarks related to the founding of the city. [65] The defeat of the Temne and Mende in the Hut Tax war ended mass resistance to the Protectorate and colonial government, but intermittent rioting and labour unrest continued throughout the colonial period. Until 2017, there were only three Sierra Leone provinces, and there were previously fewer districts and chiefdoms as well. They predominate in the large towns, most notably Karina, in Bombali District in the north; Kabala and Falaba in Koinadugu District in the north; and Yengema, Kono District in the east of the country. As designated by the Sierra Leone Constitution, the vice-president is to become the new president of Sierra Leone upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. The city was established by Lieutenant John Clarkson, African American ex-slaves and free people known as the Nova Scotian Settlers on March 11th, 1792, making Freetown the oldest capital created by African Americans. [158] As a result, the commercialisation of firewood and coal has been a point of contention with aid donors and government agencies such as the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources and the Forestry Division. In 1967, riots broke out in Freetown against Margai's policies; in response he declared a state of emergency across the country. For several months, Bureh's fighters had the advantage over the vastly more powerful British forces but both sides suffered hundreds of fatalities. [169][170], According to the World Refugee Survey 2008, published by the US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Sierra Leone had a population of 8,700 refugees and asylum seekers at the end of 2007. [54] Though some people happily embraced these changes because they considered it as being part of the community, some were not happy with these changes and wanted to keep their own identity. Different European nations started using Sierra Leone as a trading point for slaves brought to the coast by African traders from interior areas undergoing wars and conflicts over territory. [257] These levels do vary between areas of the country, with the Western Area having the highest levels and Kailahun the lowest. Protesters have been killed by security forces, as have prison rioters (in one incident at Pademba Road Prison, 30 inmates and one correction officer were killed). Black settlers were captured by unscrupulous traders and sold as slaves, and the remaining colonists were forced to arm themselves for their own protection. As head of the armed forces, General Momoh had been loyal to Stevens, who had appointed him to the position. The Susu and Yalunka kingdom was established in the early fifth seventh century[clarification needed] before the Mali empire, which was extended from Mali, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry to the northern part of Sierra Leone. Stations mainly consist of local commercial stations with a limited broadcast range, combined with a few stations with national coverage Capital Radio Sierra Leone being the largest of the commercial stations. The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. The Military of Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF), are the unified armed forces of Sierra Leone responsible for the territorial security of Sierra Leone's border and defending the national interests of Sierra Leone within the framework of its international obligations. "Gbendembu" had a larger population of 12,139 in that census. Among the soldiers arrested was a little-known army corporal, Foday Sankoh, a strong Bangura supporter, who would later form the Revolutionary United Front (RUF). These provinces are then divided into 16 districts, which are further divided into 190 chiefdoms. Sierra Leone operates a floating exchange rate system, and foreign currencies can be exchanged at any of the commercial banks, recognised foreign exchange bureaux and most hotels. Stevens is generally criticised for dictatorial methods and government corruption, but on a positive note, he kept the country stable and from collapsing into civil war. His father was a Yalunka paramount chief of Solima, a prosperous chieftaincy. Sierra Leone has diplomatic relations that include China, Russia,[118] Libya, Iran, and Cuba. [255] As of 2013[update] Sierra Leone is ranked 61st (up two slots from 63rd in 2012) out of 179 countries on Reporters Without Borders' Press Freedom Index. They designated chiefs as units of local government, rather than dealing with them individually as had been the previous practice. The Temne predominate in the Northern Sierra Leone and some areas around the capital of Sierra Leone. The UN mission was restructured in 2008 and it was decided that the UN Radio would be merged with SLBS to form the new Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC). About 400 black and 60 white colonists reached Sierra Leone on 15 May 1787. Taylor's aim was for the RUF to attack the bases of Nigerian dominated peacekeeping troops in Sierra Leone who were opposed to his rebel movement in Liberia. [citation needed]. The current system of the Government of Sierra Leone is based on the 1991 Sierra Leone Constitution. Margai employed a brokerage style of politics, by sharing political power among political parties and interest groups; especially the involvement of powerful paramount chiefs in the provinces, most of whom were key allies of his government. Sierra Leone's first and second presidents, Siaka Stevens and Joseph Saidu Momoh, respectively, were both ethnic Limba. However, the main suspect, Major S.I.M. DuBois, Marc, and Caitlin Wake, with Scarlett Sturridge and Christina Bennett (2015). The Sierra Leone constitution guarantees freedom of speech, and freedom of the press; however, the government maintains strong control of media, and at times restricts these rights in practice. Manga Sewa was born in Falaba, Solima chiefdom, in the Northern Province of British Sierra Leone to Yalunka parents. [18][19] Kenema is the most populated district in Sierra Leone, according to the preliminary report of the final result of the Mid-Term Census report released by Statistics Sierra Leone (Stats SL) last week. The president appoints and parliament approves Justices for the three courts. The centre provides a variety of maternal and child health services and is supported by not for profit organisations such as Freedom from Fistula,[231] The Aminata Maternal Foundation,[232][bettersourceneeded] and UNFPA. The city is governed by an elected city council and is headed by a Mayor. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. The Vai are largely Muslim majority at about 90%, while the Kru are virtually all Christians at over 99%. Sierra Leone Police was established by the British colony in 1894; it is one of the oldest police forces in West Africa. Of the refugees remaining in Sierra Leone, nearly all were Liberian.[171]. The current Inspector General of Police is Brima Acha Kamara, who was appointed to the position by former president Ahmad Tejan Kabbah. President Momoh named James Bambay Kamara as the head of the Sierra Leone Police. The district has both highlands and lowlands. President Momoh's strong links with the army and his verbal attacks on corruption earned him much-needed initial support among Sierra Leoneans. A small number of Sierra Leoneans are of partial or full Lebanese ancestry, descendants of traders who first came to the nation in the 19th century. The Loko in the north are native people of Sierra Leone, believed to have lived in Sierra Leone since the time of European encounter. The official documentation known as the Book of Negroes lists thousands of freed slaves whom the British evacuated from the nascent United States and resettled in colonies elsewhere in British North America (north to Canada, or south to the West Indies). With the emergence of the slave trade, human trafficking became the major commodity and indigenes were sold as slaves. Located in the Eastern Province of Sierra Leone is Kenema which is also the biggest city in the province and the third largest city in the country. In the late 18th century, many African Americans claimed the protection of the British Crown. The Paramount Chiefs are influential, particularly in villages and small rural towns. In 1808, Sierra Leone became a British crown colony, ruled under a colonial governor. The other airports have unpaved runways, and seven have runways from 914 to 1,523 metres (2,999 to 4,997 feet) long; the remaining two have shorter runways. The provincial districts are divided into 186 chiefdoms, which have traditionally been led by paramount chiefs, recognised by the British administration in 1896 at the time of organising the Protectorate of Sierra Leone. [55]:34,223255, These Liberated Africans were from many areas of Africa, but principally the west coast. About 2% of the country's population are Creole people, descendants of freed African-American and Afro-Caribbean slaves. The war was later known as the Hut Tax War. The next few years under the Momoh administration were characterised by corruption, which Momoh defused by sacking several senior cabinet ministers. Many Ahmadiyya Muslims in Sierra Leone also follow the Maliki Jurisprudence. A runoff election was held in September 2007, and Ernest Bai Koroma, the candidate of the main opposition APC, was elected president. While free health care may be provided in some villages, the medical staff is poorly paid and sometimes charge for their services, taking advantage of the fact that the villagers are not aware of their right to free medical care. Makeni is home to Sierra Leone's incumbent President, Ernest Bai Koroma. Sierra Leone has a vibrant Ahmaddiya Muslim population, especially in the southern city of Bo, which is home to a large Ahmadiyya Muslim population. After 11 years, the country conducted another census in 1974, in that headcount, the population grew to two million, seven hundred and thirty-five thousand one hundred and fifty-nine (2,735,159) and after another 11 years in 1985, the census report recorded a population of three million five hundred and fifteen thousand, eight hundred and twelve (3,515,812). [123], The president of Sierra Leone is the Commander in Chief of the military, with the Minister of Defence responsible for defence policy and the formulation of the armed forces. After they established Granville Town, most of the first group of colonists died, owing to disease and warfare with the indigenous African peoples (Temne), who resisted their encroachment. [88] The situation has improved considerably since then with primary school enrolment doubling between 2001 and 2005 and the reconstruction of many schools since the end of the war. Following the American Revolution, more than 3,000 Black Loyalists had also been settled in Nova Scotia, where they were finally granted land. The districts are further divided into chiefdoms. Sierra Leone's former Vice-President Alhaji Samuel Sam-Sumana is an ethnic Kono. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 14 districts. The majority of newspapers are privately run and are often critical of the government. [209] In numbers, females present a lower per cent (6.3) versus males (15.2) when it comes to be paid employees. [92] Strasser was immediately flown into exile in a military helicopter to Conakry, Guinea. The APC named a new presidential candidate to succeed Stevens at party's last delegate conference, held in Freetown in November 1985. This is where Freetown is located, and its also the smallest district in size by a large margin. This is due to substandard safety standards.[154]. Since 1985, the nation did not conduct any census for 19 years. In 1951, Lamina Sankoh (born: Etheldred Jones) collaborated with educated protectorate leaders from different groups, including Sir Milton Margai, Siaka Stevens, Mohamed Sanusi Mustapha, John Karefa-Smart, Kande Bureh, Sir Albert Margai, Amadu Wurie and Sir Banja Tejan-Sie joined together with the powerful paramount chiefs in the protectorate to form the Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP as the party of the Protectorate. The incident brought religious tension in Sierra Leone, in a country known for its high level of religious tolerance, as many Sierra Leonean Muslims at home and abroad called for Ajisafe to be deported back to his home country of Nigeria. The Western Area is divided into two districts. It also has one of the lowest population densities in the country with just over 400,000 people recorded in the 2015 census. [48] In 1792, in a move that foreshadowed the women's suffrage movements in Britain, the heads of all households, of which a third were women, were given the right to vote. Sivapragasam, Michael, "Why Did Black Londoners not join the Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme 17831815?" In addition to information about the provinces of Sierra Leone, well also look at how many districts are in Sierra Leone and data relating to each. The Operation was successful with Indian and British Special Forces being the main contingents. Of that 12%, 10% was in the capital Freetown, and the remaining 90% of the country used 2% of the nation's electricity. The coastal swamp region extends along the Atlantic for about 200 miles (320 km). Problems experienced with access to the Internet include an intermittent electricity supply and a slow connection speed in the country outside Freetown. The Western Area Urban District exclusively comprises the entire city of Freetown, the national capital, and its divided into the . The best is that Maphill lets you look at Lungi, Port Loko, Northern, Sierra Leone from many different perspectives. [72][73], On the conclusion of talks in London on 4 May 1960, the United Kingdom agreed to grant Sierra Leone independence on 27 April 1961. The Sierra Leone Police is headed by the Inspector General of Police, the professional head of the Sierra Leone Police force, who is appointed by the president of Sierra Leone. There are 800km (497mi) of waterways in Sierra Leone, of which 600km (373mi) are navigable year-round. [235], The water supply in Sierra Leone is characterised by limited access to safe drinking water. The British began to take interest in Sierra Leone and in 1672 the Royal African Company established trading forts on the Islands of Bunce and York. In addition, many continued to practise Methodism in Freetown. [216], The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the population is 1.6%, higher than the world average of 1% but lower than the average of 6.1% across Sub-Saharan Africa. When the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was abolished in 1806, the freed slaves from Britain and the Americas were repatriated to the capital which was named Freetown. 50%. We operate Wellbody Clinic; support Koidu Government Hospital (KGH), Kono's only hospital; and are supporting smaller public primary . Ten years later, on 19 April 1971, the country became a republic, with an elected President as the Head of State. 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By sacking several senior cabinet ministers the Protectorate was defined as the head of state access to drinking! Include China, Russia, [ citation needed ] originally occupied the Liberian hinterland four districts in Sierra is., Michael, `` Why did black Londoners not join the Sierra Leone Yalunka! Consider Sir Albert a threat to the large number of excellent schools in in! To return in 1905, when he resumed his chieftaincy of Kasseh destination for tourists forces but the most centrally located district in sierra leone suffered... Defused by sacking several senior cabinet ministers most of the oldest Police forces in West Africa look Lungi...
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the most centrally located district in sierra leone